The Red Badge Of Courage -- Essay - 847 Words

The Red Badge of Courage Time Period The Civil War officially started in 1861, yet problems between the North and the South date back as far as the early 1830s. The North was infuriated over slavery after a woman by the name of Harriet Beecher Stowe published her book Uncle Toms Cabin. Stowes book analyzed the life of a slave in an astonishing and realistic way. It caused many people to join the Union. Then the war began in July of 1861 when a Confederate army met with a Federal army at Manassen, Virginia. Many battles were fought until finally the north was victorious. Slavery was abolished, and the federal governments power was set as supreme power over all the land. Authors Biography Stephen Crane was born on November 1st 1871,†¦show more content†¦A few days later they started marching and they attacked. This is Henrys and many of the mens first battle, so he and a few others flee from the battle. Then Henry finds Jim after the battle. They talk for a while, then Jim dies. Henry feels guilty so he starts looking for the regiment. He comes across another Union soldier and they get in a fight, the soldier hits Henry on the head with his rifle. Henry makes it back to the regiment and tells them that the wound is from the battle so they wont think that he ran off. Henry is then nursed bye a soldier named Wilson. By morning Henry is ready to fight. He fights several battles and stays on the front lines, in that same day. Evaluation Over the history of human existence, people have been at war for different reasons. Usually war is understood to be between two countries. Yet the American Civil War was not entirely this. This war was between a country that was divided in its self. This caused for many different literary themes. A common theme of this time was the actual war. The Red Badge Of Courage shows that a mans actions in war are not truly his own, he does what war makes him do. Henry Fleming, the main character of the book, was at first very exited to go to war, joining the army against his mothers consent. After a few weeks in the regiment he starts to finds war frightening. Crane describes the way Henry flees from battle. He to, threw down his gun and fled. There was no shame inShow MoreRelatedThe Red Badge Of Courage966 Words   |  4 PagesThe Red Badge of Courage is a war novel written to exemplify the experiences and emotions of a young soldier in the American Civil War. The novel details the qualities of maturity and manhood in a gripping tale of Private Henry Fleming of the Union Army. The author, Stephen Crane wishes to relate the American public to the emotional and psychological challenges endured by countless men in the Civil War. Born in 1871, Stephen Crane was raised in a Methodist family. While training to become a professionalRead MoreThe Red Badge of Courage600 Words   |  3 PagesIn The Red Badge of Courage, readers are able to picture Henry, the main character, because of the descriptive details. Although the readers are given more information about him mentally, they are still given small details about his physical characteristics. Throughout the entire story, Henry is on a roller coaster dealing with his maturity. He is forced to mature rather quickly and because of his age he has to face many battles within himself. In The Red Badge of Courage, readers are not givenRead MoreThe Red Badge Of Courage2690 Words   |  11 PagesKevin Raynak TAR 103 Eve Bandi Spring 2016 Play Analysis The Red Badge of Courage The Red Badge of Courage is written by Stephen Crane and was published on October 5, 1895. I chose to analyze this specific play because I read a brief plot overview about it, after reading it I thought it had an interesting story and I have always had an interest in the era this story takes place in. This play would be intriguing to an eventual audience because it has a compelling character development in the protagonistRead MoreThe Red Badge of Courage881 Words   |  4 Pagesfights for reasons concealed to themselves, but are exposed in sacred revelations broadcasted publicly during the dissection of character. Reasons for enlisting and wanting to fight differ from man to man and conscious to conscious. In The Red Badge of Courage, Crane explains the realism of war and the literal (as well as implied) effects on men with impeccable accuracy. Crane emphasizes upon accusation, insanity and honor of war. He is fully able to expose the true nature of war, but above allRead MoreThe Red Badge Of Courage1553 Words   |  7 PagesStephen Cranes Novel â€Å"The Red Badge of Courage† is an exceptional peace of literature that tells about a Union solider in the 304th that finds his courage to fight. This story of cowardice and valor was published in full during the fall of 1895. Crane focuses on the main character’s lack of courage that transitions to courage that radiates. Crane rights a compelling piece that presents four central themes to the reader, that develop the main character and stick to the paradigms of the Civil War eraRead MoreThe Red Badge Of Courage1797 Words   |  8 PagesAnalysis of The Red Badge of Courage: Idealization of War Homer once said, Beware the toils of war ... the mesh of the huge dragnet sweeping up the world (War Quotes III). This quote, taken from Homer s famous work, the Iliad, demonstrates the idea that war can be seen in a skewed fashion. Realistic mindsets are the key for soldiers in understanding the truth about war. War is often idealized and viewed in an unrealistic light based on heroic stories and courageous stories of battle. The classicRead MoreThe Red Badge of Courage1900 Words   |  8 PagesThe Red Badge of Courage is the story of one young boys journey through the Civil War and his quest for manhood. Henry, or The Youth as he is known in the book, is very naive in the beginning of the book. He sees war as something more glamorous and romantic than it actually is. He is very innocent and unaware of what war is truly like. Henrys only wish is to be seen as a hero and he believes that fighting in war will grant him that. This idea Henry has gotten in his mind about war beingRead MoreThe Red Badge Of Courage Essay1012 Words   |  5 PagesHenry Fleming’s character changed several times throughout The Red Badge of Courage. These changes showed how Henry became a man and how he gained the confidence and courage required to be a soldier. In Chapter 1, Henry is completely engaged in his own thoughts. He daydreams about his farm, his home, and the conversation he had with his mother. This shows that, at the beginning of the novel, Henry is excited and has unrealistic ideas of glory. He is a dreamer. He doesn’t think of death, especiallyRead MoreRed Badge of Courage Essay1030 Words   |  5 PagesLizzy Wood The Red Badge of Courage Essay 11.20.11/6th Hour At times he regarded the wounded soldiers in an envious way. He conceived persons with torn bodies to be peculiarly happy. He wished that he, too, had a wound, a red badge of courage. (Ch.9, Pg. 61) Jim Conklin, Wilson, and the tattered man are not only alike in some ways, but also have differences. The purpose of this essay is to tell you the similarities between the tall soldier, the loud soldier, andRead MoreEssay on The Red Badge of Courage1496 Words   |  6 PagesThe Red Badge of Courage The Red Badge of Courage, by Steven Crane, has been considered one of the greatest war novels of all time. It is a story that realistically depicts the American Civil War through the eyes of Henry Fleming, an ordinary farm boy who decides to become a soldier. Henry is very determined to become a hero, and the story tells Henrys voyage from being a young coward to becoming a brave man. This voyage is the classic trip from innocence to experience. To begin, the story

Wilderness in Call of the Wild by Jack London Essay

Symbolism Many of the characters in The Call of the Wild symbolize specific qualities. One example of this is Mercedes. She represents greed and being spoiled. Mercedes enters the wilderness clueless to what toll it will take on her. â€Å"†Undreamed of!† cried Mercedes, throwing up her hands in dainty dismay† (73). This quote shows that she was expecting (and hoping) for a more pampered way of life out in the Klondike. Mercedes could also represent the unpreparedness of most of the people going to the Klondike gold rush. The Klondike gold rush was so glamorized that everyone thought that they could do it. In reality, the gold rush was much harsher than most people thought it was. Another example of symbolism in The Call of The Wild is†¦show more content†¦She is extremely out of place in the untamed wilds. Jack London uses Mercedes to convey his ideas of this theme. Since she is so used to her pampered life, she expects the wilderness to be the same. Mercedes and Buck are connected in this way. Buck was used to a pampered life, but adapts to the wild by embracing his primitive instincts gradually through the book. Mercedes, on the other hand, is a prime example of all of the bad qualities to have in the wilderness; She is extremely presumptuous, and spoiled. An example of these qualities is when Mercedes wants to be pulled on the sled. â€Å"It was her custom to be helpless† (83). Instead of adapting like Buck does, Mercedes tries to transfer her luxury live to the wild. By adding Buck and Mercedes, Jack London shows that he is not making a value judgment on wealthy people. He shows that two characters can come from the same background, but be entirely different. Another theme is that primitive instincts can be strong. This is mostly shown through Buck. He quickly realizes that he needs to embrace these instincts or die. â€Å"And not only did he learn by experience, but instincts long dead became alive again. The domesticated generations long dead became alive again† (31). This quote shows how powerful Buck’s feelings are. After a short time in the wild, Buck’s long dead instincts are awakened. Point of View The point of viewShow MoreRelatedInto the Wild: an Analysis of Who Jack Londonwas to Chris Mccandless1113 Words   |  5 Pagesâ€Å"Jack London is King† this was carved in to a block of wood found at the bus where Chris McCandless’s body was found. Chris McCandless admired Jack London as a man and a writer. Chris went into the wild’s of Alaska to prove that he could live off the land, with no modern conveniences, and no human contact. Jack London wrote stories about men and animals experiences against the environment, and survival against hardships, which were written from his own life. His works included individualism and theRead MoreTo Build A Fire And The Call Of The Wild Analysis838 Words   |  4 Pagesharsh. To Build a Fire, written by Jack London, shows the thoughts of man while trying to survive in the bleak Alaskan cold. In the Call of the Wild, London embraces the instincts of sled dogs in a masterful depiction of the Alaskan wilderness . To Build a Fire and the Call of the Wild have many similarities in design but they do also have prominent differences. The freezing Alaskan wilderness is one in the stars of both To Build a Fire and the Call of the Wild. â€Å"The Yukon lay a mile wide and hiddenRead MoreChris Krakauer s Non Fiction Book Into The Wild1515 Words   |  7 PagesImagine this: a young adult vanishes without a trace to venture off into the wild and â€Å"discover† himself. With the bearings of a modern-day bildungsroman, such a story may not seem uncommon; after all, young adult novels and films have both glorified and censured the youthful adventure tale, perpetuating an image of adolescents (particularly young males) as courageous yet foolhardy individuals who adamantly desire self-discovery. Such depictions may not be far from reality, as demonstrated by theRead MoreJack London and His Call of the Wild1150 Words   |  5 Pagesof the parts of his nature that were deeper than he, going back into the womb of Time. - Jack London, The Call of the Wild, Ch. 3 (Jack London Quotes). This quote summarizes the success of Jack London’s writing career in one simple sentence. London’s success and inspiration for his naturalist style can be accredited to the way in which he was raised, and his experiences during his lifetime. Jack London, was born John Griffith Chaney on January 12, 1876 near San Francisco, California. His motherRead MoreCall Of The Wild Character Analysis1699 Words   |  7 PagesIn The Call of the Wild by Jack London, Buck was a dog who served his master, Judge Miller, and protected his family. He did not have a difficult life; accompanying Judge Miller’s children or taking walks in the orchard was about as hard as it got. He referred to himself as the king over all creeping, crawling, flying things of Judge Miller’s place, humans included† (London 2). Buck, being a St. Bernard and Scotch Shepard mix, was a big dog in general, but not as large as he should have been. NeverthelessRead MoreEssay about Analysis of the Call of the Wild by Jack London673 Words   |  3 Pagesclassic The Call of the Wild, a 1903 novel by award-winning author Jack London. I chose to read this story because it is a classic novel and the heroic tone of the novel appealed to me. The novel tells of an initially pampered dog, Buck, and the progression of his tendency to revert to the inner instincts of fierce violence and extreme competition instilled in him. In the process, Buck goes through several different masters before finally landing with the right one. The Call of the Wild is made interestingRead MoreThe Naturalistic Ideals of Jack London Essay825 Words   |  4 PagesThe Naturalistic Ideals of Jack London As an adolescent, Jack London led an impoverished life and struggled to earn more money to support himself and his mother. In an attempt to find a small fortune, London joined the Klondike Gold Rush in 1897. Unfortunately, he returned home penniless. However, his adventures in the Yukon provided him the most epic experiences that guided him into writing some of his most famous, widely acclaimed literary works. His novels focus primarily on naturalism, a typeRead MoreThe Call Of The Wild1092 Words   |  5 Pages The book ‘The Call of the Wild’ uses the characters, storyline and subject matter to explore ideas that almost all of us experience. This lesson will fill you in on these themes, help with understanding the storyline, and offer a few questions to test your comprehension. !!!’’The Call of the Wild’’ - The Basics Author __Jack London__ wasn t your typical storyteller. Born in 1876, he drew inspiration for his work as a novelist and journalist from his early life experiences in poverty, as a sailorRead MoreTrancendentalism in The Call of the Wild, by Jack London and Into the Wild by Jon Krakauer885 Words   |  4 Pagesespecially in the two novels The Call of the Wild, by Jack London and Into the Wild by Jon Krakauer. Transcendentalism is the belief that thought and spiritual experience is more important than everyday experiences and material belongings. The main character in the call of the wild is buck, a dog forced into trancendality as he was kidnapped and handed a brutal northern life. The main character in Into the wild is Chris McCandless, a young man who chooses the call of nature over modern society, alsoRead MoreEssay about The Call of the Wild Versus Into the Wild1246 Words   |  5 PagesChris McCandless and Buck serve as examples of the archetype of the wild through their exper iences of leaving where they feel most comfortable and answering the call of the wild. They show that each experience is inimitable because the wild is unique to every individual. For Buck, the wild is a place outside of civilization and his dependence on man, where the external threats of nature exist and he must prove himself as a true animal with instincts for survival. In McCandless case, the place

Effects on Hurricane Igor Free Essays

The Effects of Hurricane Igor The people of Newfoundland and Labrador are used to watching natural disasters on television, not usually do they get to expierence them up front. But on September 22, 2010 Newfoundland and Labrador was hit by Hurricane Igor,a storm that effected everyone in different ways. Some of the effects of Hurricane Igor were flooding and power outages that lasted up to 12 days. We will write a custom essay sample on Effects on Hurricane Igor or any similar topic only for you Order Now The Hurricane ripped through Newfoundland as a category 1 Hurricane, and left at least 30 communities in state of emergency. This was definitely something that the people of Newfoundland were not expecting to get so serious, and definitely were not ready for. As a result of Hurricane Igor the amount of rain that had fallen which was more than 200 millimetres caused flash floods which destroyed roads, bridges, and even homes. In some places flood water was higher than entire homes. Igor ruined thousands of homes do to water damages. Many people lost everything in there homes. One of the St. John’s soccer fields were completely destroyed as a esult of the storm costing the city a lot of money. In one extreme case an 80 year old man from Random Island was swept off to sea when the road beneath him was washed away. Rain was one of the major factors causing damage but there were also other extreme factors. Power outages were also a damaging factor which effected numerous homes throughout the island. Winds as high as 140 km/h not only broke off poles but also knocked down trees which in return knocked dow n a large number of power lines. This power disruption affected as many as 7,000 households and usinesses leaving them without power for several days. The Eastern School District was forced to close schools. In most cases up to a week or until power was restored. To help cope with the power outages places like The Salvation Army provided assisstance to people throughout the island by providing them food, clothing and shelter. This was a great help until power restored. As a result of Hurricane Igor, people who have experienced it first hand now realize how vunerable they are to natural disasters and now know that this s not something you just watch on television. This also taught the people of Newfoundland and Labrador how to better themselves for future similar occurances. For example, there was recentley a category 3 Hurricane Leslie which caused a lot of the same distruction. But at the same time, people were better prepared to cope with the Hurricane by taking it more seriously and not just waiting until it was to late to react. Which in conclusion would have made this storm a lot worse than what it was. Sarah Stevenson How to cite Effects on Hurricane Igor, Essay examples

Revenue and Tax Law

Question: Discuss about the Revenue and Tax Law. Answer: Residence and source The facts of the instant case are as follows: Fred is an executive of British corporation and a specialist in management consultancy. With an intention to open a branch of his company he arrives in Australia. He takes a property on lease for a period of 12 months in Melbourne. His wife accompanies during his stay in Australia but his teenage sons were left to stay in London as they were pursuing education in college. Fred earns income form an UK property which he has rented and also he earns interest from his investments in France. Fred returns to UK due to his ill health, 11 months after his arrival in Australia. The question to be determined here where he should be considered as an Australian citizen for the purpose of taxation or not. It is relevant here to look into the term resident as has been defined under subsection 6(1) of the Income Tax Assessment Act, 1936. According to the provision under the subsection of this Act, a person, who resides in Australia, would be deemed to be an Australian resident if: He has a domicile in Australia He has been in Australia for a period of more than 6 months unless the Commissioner is satisfied that: He does not have intention to take up residence in Australia and He has a place of abode outside Australia (King 2016). Case law: Reid v. The Commissioners of Inland Revenue (1926) In this case it was held that the things which are to be considered for determining whether a person should be considered to be a resident or Australia or not are the quality of their presence and time in Australia (Harding 2012). Behaviour of individual whilst their stay in Australia The behaviour of individuals whilst their stay in Australia is an important factor to be considered for determining whether they should be treated as a resident of Australia or not. If the behaviour of individuals do not change during their stay in Australia and their behaviour is more or less same before their arrival in Australia, then will be considered to be resident of Australia for taxation purpose (Mares 2012). Business ties The factor that a person enters Australia for setting up a business in Australia would be an important factor for determining whether he is a resident of Australia or not. If the person stays for a long time in Australia for establishing a business, he would be considered to be an Australian resident for the purpose of taxation (Dirkis 2012). In the instant case, Fred has arrived in Australia for business purposes. His intention is to establish a branch of his company in Australia. He is himself not much aware of the time required for establishing a branch of his company and he has taken a property on lease in Melbourne for a period of 12 months which may be extended according to emerging circumstances. Moreover, his daily behaviour is similar to his behaviour before his entering into Australia. He has been in Australia for a period of 11 months and he has gone back to UK due to his ill health. He is again required to come back to Australia for fulfilling the business purposes. Under the provisions of the relevant statute and under the prevailing circumstances, he should be considered to be a resident of Australia for taxation purposes. Ordinary income Californian Copper Syndicate Ltd v Harris In this case it has been laid down that when investment owner wants to realize the investment and gets a price higher than the price through which he has acquired it, then the excess of price is not considered to be a profit to be assessed for income tax purposes. But if an owner of a security wants to realize it or convert it, then the excess values obtained may be assessed for the purpose of income tax if it can be shown that the act done by that person is truly for the purpose of doing business (Kheng 2015). There is a thin line of difference between these two classes of cases, and every case has to be determined according to its facts and circumstances (Tiley and Loutzenhiser 2012). Scottish Australian Mining Co Ltd v FC of T In this case, 1771 acres of land was acquired by the taxpayer between 1863 and 1865 mining coal in the property. In 1924, the coal got exhausted and then the taxpayer started to prepare for subdivision and sale of the land. He built some roads, constructed a railway station, gave lands to churches and schools and kept aside some land for parks. The Court took the view that the realisation of the land through the subdivision of land could not be considered as a profit making business scheme. The land was no more viable for carrying out the coal mining and the steps were taken by the company for realising the land. Thus, the companys intention was not to get engaged in the business of selling land. Hence, the Court held that profits acquired out of the sale of the land could not be assessed for the purpose of income tax (Scottish Australian Mining Co Ltd v FC of T, [1950]) In this regard, William J. said the following: It is impossible, I think, to hold that the appellant was engaged in such a business or profit-making undertaking or scheme prior to 1924. The crucial question is therefore whether the facts justify the conclusion that the appellant embarked on such a business or undertaking or scheme in 1924. The facts would, in my opinion, have to be very strong indeed before a Court could be induced to hold that a company which had not purchased or otherwise acquired land for the purpose of profit-making by sale was engaged in the business of selling land and not merely realising it when all that the company had done was to take the necessary steps to realise the land to the best advantage, especially land which had been acquired and used for a different purpose which it was no longer business like to carry out. III. FC of T v Whitfords Beach Pty Ltd In this case, 1584 acres of land was purchased by the taxpayer company (Whitfords) so that fishing sacks on a beach could be accessed by the fishermen who were shareholders of the Company. The Company had no intention to make profit at the time when the company was formed or at the time land was acquired by the company. In 1967, the companys shares were transferred to three development companies. The intention of the development companies was to develop the land and accordingly they altered the constitution of the company. They started working for the development of the land and sold the land. The High Court observed that land has been acquired by the development companies for the purpose of doing business and in pursuance of a profit-making scheme. The venture was truly commercial and therefore any income generated form the subdivision and sale of the land would not be exempted from assessment for income tax purpose. Thus, the High Court held that the profit acquired by the development companies would not considered to be realization of the asset and would be assessed for income tax purposes (FC of T v Whitfords Beach Pty Ltd, [1982]) Statham Anor v FC of T In this case, the Court observed that the main question which was to be determined was whether subdivision of a land amounted to a mere realisation of asset or whether it amounted to a land development business carried out by the owners of the land for the purpose of generating income out of the subdivision and sale of the property. In this case, the Court took a view that the farming land was subdivided and sold for realisation of asset and hence the profit acquired out of such subdivision and sale of the land would not be assessed for the purpose of income tax (Statham Anor v FC of T, [1989]) Casimaty v FC of T In this case, a farming property comprising of 988 acres of land was acquired by a taxpayer from his father. A further 40 acres of land adjacent to it was purchased by the taxpayer subsequently in which he established his homestead. In the subsequent years (around 20 years), he used the property for primary production. But, as his health got deteriorated and his debt got increased, he subdivided the property and sold a large portion of his property. In the period between 1975 and 1993, eight separate subdivisions were carried out. The taxpayer constructed several roads, provided sewerage and water facilities to the relevant blocks. The boundaries were also fenced by the taxpayer (Obst and Hanegbi 2016). The Commissioner sought to assess the income generated from such subdivision and sale of the property for income tax purpose as he was of the view that the taxpayer was conducting a business of subdividing and selling land. The Commissioner observed that the taxpayer had a profit making scheme while conducting such business. An appeal was filed by the taxpayer in the Court. It was held by the Court that the subdivision and sale of the land represented the realisation of asset and the profit out of the sale of the land could not be assessed for the purpose of income tax because he was not carrying out of a business. He was using the land for residential purpose and for the purpose of primary production. Thus, the income generated from the sale of the land was not considered as a profit made out of the conduct of a business and hence he was exempted from paying tax (Casimaty v FC of T, [1997]) Moana Sand Pty Ltd v FC of T In this case, it was held that if a venture involves dual purpose, then if any of the purpose is profit making, then the profit would be assessed for the purpose of income tax. In this case, a land was purchased by the company, Moana Sand Pty Ltd. for the purpose of conducting the business of selling sand on land and then to keep the property under their occupation until they get a good price for the lands subdivision. It was held that the amount which was received on compulsory redemption less the costs incurred on acquiring the land would be assessed for the purpose of imposing tax (Moana Sand Pty Ltd v FC, [1988]) VII. Crow v FC of T In this case it was observed that when various properties were purchased and were subsequently subdivided and sold, there was a repetition in the transactions involved. Moreover, the transactions were being carried out in a systematic way and resembled characteristics of a continuing land development business. Therefore, it was held that the profits acquired out of such transactions would be assessed for imposing tax (Crow v FC of T, [1988]) McCurry and Anor v. FC of T In this case, the Federal Court observed that if the acquisition of a property is done in pursuance of a business dealing with a motive to develop the land and sell it afterwards, then such acquirement of property could not be considered as an investment and the profits out of the development and sale of the property would be assessed for the purpose of income tax. In these kinds of cases, the main or the dominant purpose of the scheme would be an important factor to determine whether the acquirer had a profit making scheme or not. In this particular case, the factor of intention to resell the property was a dominant factor to determine that the acquirer did not have an intention to realize the asset but intended to enter a profit making scheme. Moreover, in this case, the money which was used for the purpose of acquiring the land was borrowed money. From this fact, the Court inferred that there was a high possibility of reselling the land and hence the profit which would be generate d from such resale would not be considered as a realization of asset and would be assessed for the purpose of income tax (McCurry Anor v FC of T) Reference List Casimaty v FC of T [1997]ATC 97, p.5135. Crow v FC of T [1988]ATC 88, p.4620. Dirkis, M., 2012. '... Nowhere man sitting in his nowhere land': The continuing saga of cross border arbitrage. Revenue Law Journal, 22(1), p.88. FC of T v Whitfords Beach Pty Ltd [1982]CLR 150. Harding, C., 2012. Who is a resident of Australia?. Concise Collection of Tax Fundamentals, A, p.181. Kheng, T.K., 2015. 24. Revenue and Tax Law. significance, 4, p.7. King, A., 2016. Mid market focus: The new attribution tax regime for MITs: Part 1. Taxation in Australia, 50(10), p.590. Mares, P., 2012. Temporary migration and its implications for Australia. Papers on Parliament, (57). Moana Sand Pty Ltd v FC [1988]ATC 88, p.4897. Obst, W. and Hanegbi, R., 2016. Small-Scale Property Development: GST Implications. Adelaide Law Review, Forthcoming. Scottish Australian Mining Co Ltd v FC of T [1950]CLR 81, p.188. Statham Anor v FC of T [1989]ATC 89, p.4070. Tiley, J. and Loutzenhiser, G., 2012. Revenue Law: Introduction to UK Tax Law; Income Tax; Capital Gains Tax; Inheritance Tax. Bloomsbury Publishing.

High Acres Landfill free essay sample

Moreover, the organization must also have a strategic capacity planning to ensure that it would meet future demands and would not affect the long-term commitment with consumers. Likely, does the organization have the design and effective capacity. One example of a company that ex. bits an excellent strategic capacity planning is the High Acres Landfill in Fairport New York. The landfill was first opened in public during 1 971 at a 21 8-acre diameter. Before, the landfill receives roughly 3,000 tons of waste per day and has only 27 employees.Now, known to be owned and controlled by the Waste Management Inc. The landfill operates approximately on a 1,000-acre site and is focused on sustainability through recycling and renewable energy production. The landfill is being funded by fees paid by households who gave away their trashes. Modern landfill works in a systematic process. The management first digs a hole-?like a tub-?and wastes are being dumped there with daily cover of soil of about 6 inches. We will write a custom essay sample on High Acres Landfill or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page When the hole is eventually filled and exhausted, now forms a hill, the landfill is being planted with grass.The site is usually converted into scooper. Within the said park are recreational activities. As times goes by, the piled wastes decompose and emit a methane gas that is somehow harmful to the environment. That is why, the Waste Management Inc. Ensures that top, bottom, sides and every layer of waste dumped into the landfill are guarded by nonprogrammable liners. The liners serve to avoid leakage of a harmful toxic called lactate (produced by chemicals, heavy metals, etc. ) to the groundwater. Management is also capturing the methane gas, processing it, and turning it into clean natural gas.The said methane gas goes through a vacuum, being cooled, converted and mixed with other chemicals that will later on result to electricity for thousands of household nearby. Now, the trash becomes power. Though at first, people in Fairport, New York considered the construction of landfill as a bad thing, dirty and unpleasant to the community, a visit in the landscape will eliminate the misconceptions. As to say, the landfill itself is free of odor, except maybe when there is an arrival Of truck in the dumpiest loaded with wastes.This kind of system is not only beneficial for he community, but also for the environment. Of course, the construction and operation of High Acres Landfill and Recycling Center are still subject to state regulations to guarantee that what they do is safe for the community and maintains the sustainability they are saying. As to say, Waste Management Inc. Has an excellent strategic capacity planning. Coming up with this big thing is exceptional, turning those wastes into power. I just hope Philippines has this kind of system that can help not only preserve the wellness of nature, but also make a new one.

Lumpy Essays - Free Essays, Term Papers, Research Papers

Lumpy Essays - Free Essays, Term Papers, Research Papers Lumpy How did we meet you ask? It wasWell about 3 years ago give or take some months when I had first started school at Applecroft Academy. I remember how awkward he was when he walked into the classroom on the first day of class. IAll remember thinking was that he wasn't going to survive the year here, and i was almost in tears laughing thinking about it. This school was going to chew him up and spit him out. Applecroft Academy for the exceptionally talented. This is where I went. It was the most prestigious art school in all of Ggreat Bbritain. From a young age I i was told this was the place to be, this was the place to work hard to get into. This school picked only the select few, whose families had bred their children in the few prestigious bloodlines left in englandYou needed to be a certain way to get into Applecroft. You had to come from a certain class and economic background. My parents were extremelyvery very influential in my town., Iin fact, my father was the mayor and my moth er had one of the hottest restaurants aroundwas the Hottest chef in town. Now i look back on it, I matched every requirement to getI guess i was a shoe in into the academy, but this kid, tThis outsider. I would forever be confused as to how he got into this school. We called him Llumpy from after about a week an early onset at the school. He was tremendously...large to say the least. He was very overweight and walked with a bit of a waddle. He fat, and came into school so disheveled every day. His uniform was dirt stained and untucked, and his hair was a matted mess. Neither hair nor clothes looked as if itd been washed in weeks. He wasnt Bbritish like everyoneanyone else at the school. To be honest, I i never did find out where exactly he came from. OurMy weirdly awkward relationship started with him one blustery autumn morning out when we were out on the football pitch. Now not to brag, but at this school I wasam very well known for my football abilities. I could rainbow it over anyone's head. Do you think you could teach me how to play? He mumbled as he sautered over to me. He kept his hands in his pockets and his head down. I never learned how to back home. I...I...um well, I stammered tried to hold back my laughter, You know I dont like you right? Can you even dribble?He came up to me and mumbled asking if I could teach him to play. I dont like you, and youre not my friend. I hope you know that. I said to him. He mumbled something else inaudible and stared down at his feet. Hey are you brothers with Lumpy the dunce now? yelled my nemesis Malcolm Terris. He was a firsty like myself, meaning we were both freshman. Our families hadve been rivals for generations I guess, and that hatred has carried over even to now. Malcolm ran over to us laughing. You really are the lowest of the low,. he chuckled to me as he pulled out his phone. He snapped a picture, and then shoved Lumpy to the ground. Still cackling like a hyena, he gave a fake yell. Oh my god I nearly lost my arm in his fat. I walked up and stood threeabout 3 inches from his face looking dead into his eyes. I told him. All this shit youre talking is going to be all the more funny when Ii teach him to beat your arse. I shoved him back, Now let's play some ball why don't we. I walked back and held my arm out for Lumpy to take. This doesnt make you my friend. I hope you know that. I said to him. He mumbled something else inaudible and smiled slightly. But I will teach you to play. From that day on Lumpy stuck to me like some bad jam. I hated it. Stupid fat oafAmericans. I tried to train him, and get him in as best shape as possible, to no

Transform an Organisation into a learning organisation Essay

Transform an Organisation into a learning organisation - Essay Example What is really meant by this definition has usually been clarified by offering a list of the various elements of a learning organisation. In other words, a learning organisation is defined via the existence of organisational conditions that favour learning per se. NORDEF is a Defence communication provider; it began making equipment for strategic defence communications systems in Australia in 1988. The company has come a long way since initial conception, remaking itself as a major defence communication provider, a change that hasn't gone unnoticed. NORDEF was recently called the poster boy for companies making the transition into the new economy. Major changes began at NORDEF when James Plant, the company's current president and chief executive, took office in 1997. He saw that the marketplace of defence communications was shifting from a traditional line based technology to sensor to shooter, or satellite based systems. The trick was figuring out how to speed up the process of getting new products and services into the defence market so NORDEF could keep ahead of the fast-paced defence orientated procurement world. In the past, it often took as long as 10-15 years to complete a research and procured developed project to actual in-service us age. Pedler, Burgoyne and Boydell's (1991) model of a lea... Processes for Transformation The literature regarding learning organisations is largely prescriptive in nature and proposes how organisations should be designed and managed in order to promote effective learning. Pedler, Burgoyne and Boydell's (1991) model of a learning organisation is seemingly the most penetrative of the competing models and probably has therefore become the most popular and widely referred-to model in recent literature. This is the area where theory building has clearly reached the point of synergetic models. There are 11 characteristics of a learning organisation identified in this model and even though these traits are organized differently, they also appear as similar ideas to the five main disciplines': mental models, shared vision, personal mastery, team learning and systems thinking -- which form the foundation of the learning organisation' according to Senge (1990). According to Pedler, Burgoyne and Boydell (1991), learning approaches to strategy and participative policy-making are closely connected to policy- and strategy-forming processes referring to the sharing of involvement in these processes. Information systems, formative accounting and control systems, internal exchange of information and reward flexibility are elements within the organisation that may either be a help or hindrance to learning. Equally important factors are enabling structures with loosely structured roles and temporary departmental and other boundaries which create opportunities for individual and business development. The ability to learn by benchmarking in external relationships by using boundary workers and to promote inter-company learning by engaging in a number of

The Brain All You AreIs Here Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

The Brain All You AreIs Here - Essay Example Through the use of fMRI, which is a non-invasive scan as compared to the X-ray, brain tumors are detected. It can also detect brain activities such as blood flow which is helpful recognizing brain activity according to the article. The article also suggests that the prefrontal cortex contains the sense of â€Å"self† in the young child. But as people mature, this â€Å"self† maybe located in different regions of the brain especially when higher order thinking skills are involved. Synapses also play a crucial role in brain development since they are points of contact during the exchanges of neurons firing to one another. These synapses grow or develop inside the brain of a fetus. Long-term memories are believed to be stored in the hippocampus ( part of limbic system) which is not yet fully developed on a child. Likewise, the amygdala can also hold â€Å"highly emotional memories† ( The Mind,p.12). Interestingly a research made by the NIMH in Maryland reveals that is during puberty period that the brain experiences another round of growth. The basic functions as well as sensory processing usually develops first in the extreme back and front portions of the brain. Next to develop in the parietal lobes of the brain are language functions and spatial orientation. This is also the reason why curriculum in the educational system is attuned to the level of development of the brain. Students in lower levels cannot process higher thinking activities unless their brain is developed. Last to develop is the prefrontal cortex where most decision making are processed. This meant weighing alternatives , making short term plans or even checking one’s self on e thical conduct is involved. Indeed, such complex mental functions can only be given to mature individuals. This just attests to the fact that people’s brain gradually develop and mature through adulthood. Aside from experiencing development, certain

D22 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

D22 - Essay Example Learning is individual in a group setting. The Kids’ Choice Academy (KCA) provides the children with ample opportunities to play outdoors where there is sunlight and fresh air. Outdoor activities nurturing the physique of the children is no less important than the indoor education and exercises of the mind, so there should be equal emphasis on both in an ideal school for children. The classrooms are capacious, well-lit with natural sunlight, and have plenty of practical exercises and activities that are very interesting, engaging, and constructive for the children. At Bambini Creativi, there is enough space to dedicate particular portions to specific activities; art studio, water exploration, and food investigation lab to name a few. Of the three institutions, Bambini Creativi is the best for children because it tends to provide children with insight into different sorts of professions at a very preliminary stage so that they start developing skills in the field of their inter est right from the start. The other two schools are also good but Bambini Creativi takes the

Developing Strategic Management and Leadership Skills

Developing Strategic Management and Leadership Skills TASK 1.1 Apart from its other management strategies, Virgin Atlantic has used Porters basic strategies to dwelling itself in the marketplace.  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  Accordingly, a corporation positions itself by consuming its strengths.  Today, more and more people and collections are struggling to be known in the business arena.   With this objective, these supervisions had been able to adeptly and effectively adjust to the situation in the market place by using general strategies that enhanced their enthusiasm.   There are five different common strategies that a company can choose.   These include leadership, diversity, focused management and integrated cost leadership/differentiation.   Each standard strategy helps the company to establish and exploit a modest advantage within a particular competitive scope. By applying these assets, three generic strategies are resulted: leadership, strategic differentiation and focus (Johnson..Scholes.1997).   One of the strategies operated by Virgin Atlantic is its ability to professionally promote its brand names all over the marketplace. This strategic promotion has made the airline companies to continuously be known locally and internationally when it comes to travel fulfilment and convenience. Alternative strategy that can be recognised to Virgin Atlantic as a whole is its skill to value their customers.   Here, the company has been able to shadow other airline industry to cut their service cost while providing outstanding service to their target marketplace. Lastly, the ability to strategically line up modern technology and it business strategy is the most important strategy that can be involved to Virgin Atlantic. In contrast, the Virgin Atlantic has considered their neighbour airlines as its competitors. Due to the deregulation of the European Airline, many airlines have been talented to cope with the changes and make a tactical move of entering in this travel business. One of the industries that open its marketplace to the airline industry is the Virgin Atlantic. Virgin Atlantic is regarded as one of the UKs largest planned airline. It is known for being such because of the strategies executed by the management of the airline industry (Hitt, Ireland Hoskisson 2003). TASK 1.2 A companys strategy helps as the game plan management and is use to rod out a market position, manner its operations, attract and please consumers, compete successfully, and achieve structural objectives.   Thus, Total Quality Management (TQM) as a strategy is certainly appropriate for such situation.        Ãƒâ€šÃ‚     Ãƒâ€šÃ‚     Ãƒâ€šÃ‚     Total Quality Management is a viewpoint of management that is driven by the constant achievement of customer satisfaction though the nonstop improvement of all organizational procedures (Robbins, 1998).   It is a management viewpoint that seeks to integrate all organizational purposes such as finance, design, marketing, engineering, customer service production, customer service, and others to focus on achiving customer needs and organizational objectives (Hashmi.2000). It is known that every organizations main purpose is to stay in business, so that it can promote the steadiness of the community, generate products and facilities that are useful to customers, and provide condition for the satisfaction and growth of organization associates.   From this perception, it can be said that TQM strategy for accomplishing its normative outcomes is embedded in different management and leadership styles.      Total Quality Management is a strategic procedure  for satisfying internal and external customers and dealers by integrating the business surroundings, continuous improvement, and come through with growth, progress, and safeguarding the cycles while changing organisational philosophy. Furthermore,  TQM is an array of management scheme throughout the organisation, geared to ensure that the organisation to continuously attain or exceed customer requirements. TQM places strong focus on process measurement and controls as means of continuous improvement (McNamara.1999).  Furthermore, Total Quality Management is extremely variable and adaptable. Although originally applied to manufacturing operations, and over the years only utilized in that area, TQM is now being recognised as a standard management appliance, just as applicable in service and public sector groups like the Virgin Atlantic airline industrie (Hashmi, -2004). The Total Quality Management (TQM) philosophy of management is customer-oriented. Hence, the Virgin Atlantic operations must be developed in order to gradually deal with the improvement of their operation through the on-going contribution of all employees in problem solving determinations across functional and hierarchical borders. TQM incorporates the concepts of service class, process management, quality declaration, and quality perfection. Therefore, they must be able to control all alteration processes with regards to their operations and services to better satisfy customer requirements in the most economical way. In applying total quality management to this particular airline procedure, they must be able to chain it with the core strategy of the industries. This does not mean that such airline companies must have entire variations. It is important that in application of the Total Quality Management to the Virgin Atlantic operations and services they must also consider that an suitable strategy should be used in order to employ a total quality operations and facilities that would satisfy all clients and customers. TASK 1.3 CHALLENGE 1 Cost Reduction Strategy To achieve its goal of having a reasonable position in the airline market, Virgin Atlantic uses a cost reduction strategy. Such cost reduction strategy trusts on five main aspects like contracting out services, fleet commonality, airport charges and route guidelines, managed staff costs and productivity and managed marketing charges. With their purchase of aircraft Boeing 787- 9, Virgin Atlantic has been able to gain capacity and decreases the average age of fleet which means savings on maintenance costs and evading the fit of European Union-conform equipment on old feet. The next factor under the cost reduction strategy of Virgin Atlantic is narrowing out services.   In this manner, aircraft handling, handling, ticketing, and other functions are contracted out by Virgin Atlantic to third parties. In addition, in order to limit their expenses engine and weighty maintenance are also contracted out whereas the staff of Virgin Atlantic carries out routine maintenance.   Another issue for the cost reduction strategy of the company is in terms of airport charges and route policies. Herein, Virgin Atlantic has made sensible choice of dealing with secondary and regional airports, where the traffic is not blocked and fees incomparably lower. Since Virgin Atlantic, is a true bonus for such airports, the airline company has a bargaining power which enables it getting  favourable  access fees. In addition, Virgin Atlantic provides only a point-to-point provision, thus, it has no cost concerning connecting passengers.   Furthermore, the company pays special focus to on-time departures because it means maximising aircraft use. Managing staff budgets and productivity is another factor used for reducing the cost for Virgin Atlantic. In this manner, the company pays its staff on modest salary but has set up a performance related pay structure which impulses employees to maximize the number of sectors flown daily. This way, Virgin Atlantic both controls productivty and keeps staff costs down. CHALLENGE 2 Critical Success Factors      Ãƒâ€šÃ‚     Ãƒâ€šÃ‚     Ãƒâ€šÃ‚     Although the company had encountered different difficulties, precisely in line with its cost structures, the company had been able to survive and grow in the market.   Virgin Atlantic implement different marketing strategy to make the company last in the competition and to be able to gain competitive position in the airline market.   It is said that the company was regarded recently as the most prompt airline between Dublin andLondon. And because of the strategy of the industry, Virgin Atlantic is now known as the second largest airline in United Kingdom having a network of over 57 routes in 11 countries and served by a number of fleet. In order to position itself in the marketplace the company continuously concentrates on driving own its costs to offer the lowest fares possible and remain profitable.   In addition, Virgin Atlantic offer minimum standards of service and very low prices for point-to-point, short haul flights.   The goal of Virgin Atlantic is to meet the needs of  travelling  at the lowest possible price.   The Critical Success Factors (CSFs) are as follows in airline industry: the strategic focus of having the lowest prices, being reliable within the marketplace, comfort and service and frequency.   It is noted that low-cost companies concentrate on this first critical success factor by trying to offer the lowest prices.   Although Virgin Atlantic has eliminated extras such as in-flight meals, advanced seat assignment, free drinks and other services, it still prioritizes features which remain important to its target market. Such features include frequent departures, advance reservations, baggage handling and consistent on-time services. TASK: 2 TASK 2.1 SWOT Analysis First is the Virgin Atlantic Strengths, there is no doubt that influence, values and legacy of Mr Bronson is one of their major strengths. Other advantage is that the business is privately owned which means they can manage the business well without the aid of following the governments restrictions. The business also set the good image and good marketing strategy which reflects in promoting each others business as part of the alliance. Since it is the first company that offers low prices, they also get a chance to lease the aircrafts. Another factor is the strong leadership team of the seniors who are qualified enough in leading the entire organization toward the competency. Second are the Weaknesses behind the Virgin Atlantic. Because of the different business try-outs of MR. Branson, he is also part of his businesss weakness. All of his proposed projects or business strategies affect his other business although it is successful and stable. Another weakness is the low return of cash flow because they offer low prices for the passengers and there is a high expenditure for maintenance of the aircraft and sustaining the quality of their service.     Ãƒâ€šÃ‚   Third are the Opportunities for the Virgin Atlantic. There are more cities open for another hospitality service and based on the smooth record of the airline, it is another success for them. Some of the large airline companies had experienced bankruptcy and it is a great opportunity and in addition, the European Union is on their side to support. Threats are the fourth analysis on the airlines. The rapid growth and change in the world economy is a factor of threat because of the New Airline Restrictions. Another is the competition and high prices on the cost of fuels, threats on the terrorism, over flight restrictions, and the new airline companies are the other existing threats. Other Strategy The possible strategies of the airline can be through the expansion of partnerships to broaden the service of the Virgin Alliance and start providing the quality of service in smaller markets. They can also try to invest in U.S. for there is a great possibility to capture the markets. Since the airline id popular because of their service offered, they can answer the needs of the customers in the cities where there is a large group of jetsetters and business class which is another advantage to increase the rate of return of the customers (2000). Although the advertising is effective, the company should make it more intense to stay well in the market competition. This will keep the airline be above the standard of their service. In addition, they can even try other marketing strategies. The existing credit cards can be valued and it is more applicable if the advertisement they will create is in the language the potential customers can understand. TASK 2.2 CLASSIC AIRLINE STRATEGIES Issue and Opportunity Identification Classic Airlines COULD commands a fleet of more 375 jets that serve 240 cities with more than 2300 daily flights. In the 25 years since it inception, Classic Airlines has grown to an organization of 32000 employees, and it earned $10 million on $8.7 billion in sales (Simulation, 2009). Classic in no stranger to the challenges that plague todays airlines. Increased uncertainty about flying has affected industry stock prices across the board, and Classic has seen a 10% decrease in share prices. The airline has been operating under a microscope watch, subject to scrutiny from all sectors. In addition, the raising cost, particularly of fuel and labor has limited Classics ability to compete for the valued frequent flier. To alleviate this problem, Classics Board of Directors recently mandated a 15 percent across-the-board cast reduction (Simulation, 2009). Although Classic has charge the company to implement a cost reduction, they must still find a way to increase its frequent flier program with methods that will demonstrate a measurable return on any investment. Stakeholder Perspectives/Ethical Dilemmas Classic stakeholder perspectives are to increase profitability and market share. It must also strengthen its programs and competitive position, while reducing their costs. The ethical dilemma that Classic Airline is facing is the morality of the company. The union representative has steered Classic relatively clear of major obstacles in an increasingly volatile union climate. However, they are concerned that Classic will be unable to meet its current and future obligations to its employees on their importance to the organization (Simulation-2009). This can become an ethical dilemma since must union work with contracts and not meeting their obligation can cause a legal problem as well. Frame the Right Problem This Airline aspires to remain a competitor in the industry. Their goals are to reduce cost and increase customer satisfaction. Furthermore, the company needs to increase sales and target customers that left to other airlines. Scorecards measurements will give results of marketing strategies in order to see if results are favourable. Describe the End-State Vision Airlines will implement marketing strategies to entice existing customers and new ones by delivering quality service and introducing better Classic Rewards programs. Utilizing more the CRM system will help monitor area that require improvement and deliver products that customer wants. To implement the changes a timeline will be put in place. The first half of the year improvement to the CRM system will take effect. This produce statistics needed to see results when the second half of the year new products, programs, and savings are implemented. TASK 3.1 Identify and Assess Risks Virgin Atlantic identified the need to improve their Classic Rewards program. The step that companies recently take in the new-product process to provide a needed focus for ideas and concepts developed in later stages. This statement help one understand that there a several steps to a new product that a company needs to take. Within those steps, many risk are taken that can affect stakeholders and different areas of the company, such as the budget of the company, Changes require new budgeting that a company might not have. Identify the Alternatives and Benchmarking Validation They need to identify alternatives for marketing strategies to help increase customer satisfaction, retain their loyal customers, acquire new cliental, decrease cost, raise morale, and establish new programs or enhance existing ones. To accomplish this, they need to perform benchmarking validation, with other companies, such as British Airways (BA). Some of BAs experiences can help set Classic Airlines in the right direction. To accomplish the changes Virgin Atlantic needed, the executive vice president and chief marketing officer should announce the expanded role of BAs marketing department with the establishment of an Innovation and Strategy group comprised of the following functions: Research and Development, Strategic Insights and Innovation, and Operations Innovation (Restaurant new resource, 2006). They also need to indicate that they have completely retooled and reinvigorated their development process, and their product pipeline is filled with a wide array of exciting options, this was accomplished by creating a single team responsible for driving and enhancing innovation at all levels. Evaluate the Alternatives Airlines marketing strategies were to increase customer satisfaction. As a result, this will increase profit, retain customers, and acquire new ones. Comparing to BAs, they were decreasing revenues, customer satisfaction, and certainly not acquiring new customers. In fact, the ones that stayed with Classic were flying less. Another alternative solution suggests is that they may want to get better CRM system that will help then products reports that tell them where they stand. These reports can segment for different elements such as customer evaluations, customer trends, and customer flying habits. Identify and Assess Risks They identified the need to improve their Classic Rewards program. The step that companies recently take in the new-product process to provide a needed focus for ideas and concepts developed in later stages (Kerin, R A, 2006). This statement help one understand that there a several steps to a new product that a company needs to take. Within those steps, many risk are taken that can affect stakeholders and different areas of the company, such as the budget of the company, Changes require new budgeting that a company might not have. TASK 4.1 Analysis on the future existence The airport dominance has grown competitive in the hospitality industry of every country. Accommodating this competitive growth is the role it plays in the helping the economy to survive. There is always a different philosophy in every business venture in the heads of the entrepreneurs and airlines are a huge investment that still on the case-to-case basis for survival. In addition, there is a regulation that is strictly implemented in the market which makes the competitive advantage hard to catch. The specific strategy that can be applied is out of interest in finding dominant position. This is the evolving issues for the changes that might happen inside an organization. The similarities, differences and crossing out of the unlikely process and procedures are the continuous methods applied in the intermediate term of the companys existence. Sustainable Competitive Advantage The Virgin Airlines outrageous connection to media gave the business a huge market competency advantage. The accessibility to the media such as television, radio, and even newspapers gave the business and the other business under the Virgin Group give the opportunity to promote each other. The leadership of Mr Richard Branson gave an incredible impact on this matter. TASK 4.2 MrBranson incorporated the business under the certain criteria or conditions.it should be in high quality; the business should promote innovation; provide a good value for the money; it should introduce a kind of challenge to existing alternatives; and it must be also with the sense of fun. Virgin Atlantic started back in 1984 with a single 747-200 and flying in route of London to New York. Aside from the gasoline, the business was fuelled with two ideas to offer low price and have a better service. Passengers are the treated as visitors and the business thought of the things to serve better meals, offer more entertainment, create fun, and acquire smiling and enthusiastic flight crews. For over the years, the airlines shook the industry with the project for innovation to provide the quality of service and entertainment. The airline is the first to offer two choices of meals, even in economy class, and spa-services. Thus, they became the industry most favourite in airlines and second largest long-haul carrier on the route of London to New York. The leadership of Mr Branson is felt by all of his flight crews and supports them in every step they create. The ingredients to success that Mr Branson formulated is first, he is unafraid to failures and instead of sticking with one you know, he proposes the idea of making great things if an entrepreneur knows one business, then he will know any business. Another is to focus on his employee and staying the course as if in placing the control over the business. The different entered businesses of Mr Branson are not all successful and there are many problems which are different on the leaders idealistic mind. Even if the Virgin Group failed at the other invested business, they still keep the values which is unique than the other organizations. Conclusion The Bransonism, taken from the name of Mr. Branson, believes in the idea that if the company grows larger and larger, the leader should treat the people working under him as human beings and as essential players of the organization. Moreover, he believes that a business will fail if he doesnt give it try for failures are the start of great things. And a leader should find the people who are good at motivating the others and getting the best out of people.  Virgin Airlines has expanded and reached the United States, Asia, and South Africa. Only Mr Branson set sights in building the domain in United States if he can tear down the barriers blocking foreign-owned airlines from offering routes the United States. Developing strategic management and leadership skills Developing strategic management and leadership skills The field of management deals with organizations. Our society could not exist or improve its present status without managers to guide it organizations. Thirty years ago, Peter Drucker, a noted management authority, proclaimed that effective management was becoming the main resource of developed nations, and that it was the most needed resource of developing nations. Functions of Strategic Management 1. Planning 2. Organizing 3. Leading 4. Controlling Planning is considered to be the central function of management because it sets the pattern for the other activities to follow. Planning means defining goals for future organizational performance and deciding on the tasks and use of resources needed to attain them (Richard Daft). Planning encompasses four elements:  · Evaluating environmental forces and organizational resources  · establishing a set of organizational goals  · Developing strategies and plans to achieve the stated goals  · formulating a decision-making process Organizing is the managerial function of making sure there are available the resources to carry out a plan. Organizing involves the assignment of tasks, the grouping of tasks into departments, and the allocation of resources to departments (Richard Daft) Managers must bring together individuals and tasks to make effective use of people and resources. Three elements are essential to organizing:  · developing the structure of the organization  · Acquiring and training human resources  · Establishing communication patterns and networks Leading is another of the basic function within the management process Leading is the use of influence to motivate employees to achieve organizational goals (Richard Daft). Three components make up the leading function:  · Motivating employees  · Influencing employees  · forming effective groups The final phase of the management process is controlling. Controlling means monitoring employees activities, determining whether the organization is on target toward its goals, and making correction as necessary (Richard Daft ). Three basic components constitute the control function:  · Elements of a control system  · Evaluating and rewarding employee performance  · controlling financial, informational, and physical resources Improving Organizational Performance The performance is a global concept the represents the results of human activities. Organizational performance is the way in which an organization tries to be effective (Ricky W. Griffin). An organizations performance can be measured in many different ways. The most common ways are in terms of efficiency or effectiveness. If organizations are using their resources to attain their goals, the managers are effective. Finally, productivity is the level of output of goods and services achieved by the resources of an organization (Ricky W. Griffin) Effectiveness, efficiency, performance, and productivity are all important concepts for managers and organizations. Communicating and Implementing Change This work advances a stronger conceptual and empirical understanding of two broad, conceptual communicative treatments for implementing change: programmatic and participatory. These theoretical approaches are elucidated respectively through established communication models, activities, and strategies advanced by previous scholarship within the communication and business disciplines. This article concludes with potential strategies for advancing for research in this arena. Developing and Leading High Performance Team High performing teams at all levels are essential for achieving outstanding organizational performance. This is especially so in situations of rapid or major change and during crises. Each team should have: 1. Common vision, objective and direction. 2. High standards. 3. Mutual respect, trust and accountability. 4. Individual sense of responsibility. 5. A sense of team identity. 6. High motivation and team energy. Definitions of Leadership Mintzbergs observations and research indicate that diverse manager activities can be organized into ten roles. For an important starting point, all ten rules are vested with formal authority over an organizational unit. From formal authority comes status, which leads to various interpersonal relations, and from these comes access to information, which, in turn, enables the manager to make decisions and strategies. The figurehead role: Every manager must perform some duties of a ceremonial nature. These activities are important to the smooth functioning of an organization. The leader role: This role involves leadership. The leader role encompasses relationships with subordinates, including motivation, communication, and influence. The liaison role: in which the manager makes contacts inside and outside the organization with a wide range of people: subordinates, clients, business associates, government, trade organization officials, and so on. The monitor role: This role involves seeking current information from many sources. The disseminator role: In their disseminator role, managers pass information to other, both inside and outside the organization. The spokesperson role: In their spokesman role, managers send some of their information to people outside the organization about company policies, needs, actions, or plans. The entrepreneur role: In his entrepreneur role, managers search for improvement his unit to adopt it to changing conditions in the environment. The disturbance handler role: This role involves responding to high-pressure disturbances. The resource allocator role: In their resource allocator role, managers make decisions about how to allocate people, budget, equipment, time and other resources to attain desired outcomes. The negotiator role: The negotiations are duties of the managers job. These activities involve formal negotiations and bargaining to attain outcomes for the managers unit responsibility. Followership The Courageous Follower is a contemporary classic that redefines the power and responsibility of followership, the role of many who must support, confront, engage, foster, and leverage the talents and wisdom of their leaders. Direct versus Indirect Leadership The direct leadership is about giving dictations to your people and maybe enforcing yourself as a leader while the Indirect type of leadership has to do with like having thousands of followers without even possessing the role of leadership. The indirect leadership has to do with influencing others and making them your followers indirectly by inspiring them through the character, charisma etc. Leadership is not about ruling people like subjects and taking it for granted; its about presenting you as someone who people think should be followed for guidance. Its about winning the minds and hearts of people. 1.2 Management and Leadership Style Autocratic Autocratic leadership can be said to be synonymous to dictatorship where only one person has the authority over the followers or workers. Their decision has to be taken as the golden rule and should never be questioned. They plan out everything and order their subordinates to work according to their rules. For instance, if a company has an autocratic leader as the Managing Director, the employees in the company would have to work as per the rules set down by him. Bureaucratic This style of leadership follows a close set of standards. Everything is done in an exact, specific way to ensure safety and/or accuracy. You will often find this leadership role in a situation where the work environment is dangerous and specific sets of procedures are necessary to ensure safety. Charismatic Charismatic Leaders, who are building a group, whether it is a political party, a cult or a business team, will often focus strongly on making the group very clear and distinct, separating it from other groups. They will then build the image of the group, in particular in the minds of their followers, as being far superior to all others. The Charismatic Leader will typically attach themselves firmly to the identify of the group, such that to join the group is to become one with the leader. In doing so, they create an unchallengeable position for themselves. Laissez-Faire Laissez faire style simply means a delegate approach to leadership. Many researchers have found out that those children, who grow under laissez-faire leadership establishments, happen to be the less productive in any group. This was also reinforced by these children making more demands upon their leader, as researchers have come to ascertain, amidst showing little in terms of cooperation as well as the inability to work more independently. Persuasive Persuasion is an essential proficiency for all leaders, requiring you to move people toward a position they dont currently hold. You must not only make a rational argument, but also frame your ideas, approaches and solutions in ways that appeal to diverse groups of people with basic human emotions. Any direct attempt to persuade may provoke colleagues to oppose and polarize. Because persuasion is learning and negotiating process, it must include three phases: discovery, preparation and dialogue. Participative The participative leadership style, also known as the participative democratic leadership style, is a very essential factor in todays business sector, which does the job of creating and maintaining healthy relationships between the employees and their leaders. This is probably the best type of corporate leadership style that necessarily allows employees to give suggestions and take some of the crucial decisions, along with their manager. However, the final decision rests on the manager himself. Culture of Organization Organizational culture is an idea in the field of organizational studies and management which describes the psychology, attitudes, experiences, beliefs and values (personal and cultural values) of an organization. It has been defined as the specific collection of values and norms that are shared by people and groups in an organization and that control the way they interact with each other and with stakeholders outside the organization. Characteristics of Manager A good manager is the one who can manage his organization successfully and profitably. The characteristics of a best manager is he should be able to understand every team members strengths and weaknesses and utilize every members abilities at his/her best in the interest of the organization and motivate the staff, understand and acknowledge every staff members efficiency and reward them accordingly. A good manager is like the good leader who doesnt say do it but says lets do it. Adapting Management and Leadership Styles Leading is something we cant learn in the abstract. Weve got to do it. Theres not always a choice as to who well lead, and you have to be willing to change the how. The steady slugger who wants to be alone; the creative fireball whos frequently missing; the expert with personal problems; all has contributions to make. They need different approaches to bring out their best, and we have to adapt the way you lead. Chapter-2 Support Organizational Direction 2.1 Theories Transformation Leadership Theory Transformational leadership is defined as a leadership approach that causes change in individuals and social systems. In its ideal form, it creates valuable and positive change in the followers with the end goal of developing followers into leaders. Enacted in its authentic form, transformational leadership enhances the motivation, morale and performance of his followers through a variety of mechanisms. Transactional Leadership (Bennis, Bass) Transactional leadership is a term used to classify a formally known group leadership theories that inquire the interactions between leaders and followers. A transactional leader focuses more on a series of transactions. This person is interested in looking out for oneself, having exchange benefits with their subordinates and clarifies a sense of duty with rewards and punishments to reach goals. Charismatic Leadership (Weber, Corger, and kanungo) Max Webers conceptualization of charismatic authority as a force for change has had a profound influence on the ideas and research of social scientists for several decades. The article explores the impact of Webers conceptualization upon one particular group of researchers-the organizational behaviorists. Starting in the 1970s, they began to formulate theoretical models of charismatic leadership in organizational settings and undertook empirical investigations. Similarly to Weber, they saw charismatic leadership as a force for change in organizations. This article examines Webers conceptualization of charisma as a force for transformation; explores the extent of his impact on organizational research of the 1980s and 1990s; and draws attention to neglected areas of his theory that have important implications for future research. Contingency Theory (Feidler) The contingency model emphasizes the importance of both the leaders personality and the situation in which that leader operates. A leader is the individual who is given the task of directing and coordinating task-relevant activities, or the one who carries the responsibility for performing these functions when there is no appointed leader. Situational Theories Paul Hersey and Kenneth H. Blanchard5 (a co-author of the One Minute Manager) identified a three-dimensional approach for assessing leadership effectiveness: à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Leaders exhibit task behavior (the extent to which leaders are likely to organize and define the roles of followers and direct the work) and relationship behavior. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ The effectiveness of the leader depends on how his or her leadership style interrelates with the situation. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ The willingness and ability (readiness) of an employee to do a particular task is an important situational factor. 2.2 Emotional Intelligence Emotional intelligence is the ability, capacity, skill or, in the case of the trait EI model, a self-perceived ability to identify, assesses, and controls the emotions of oneself, of others, and of groups. Different models have been proposed for the definition of EI and there is disagreement about how the term should be used. Despite these disagreements, which are often highly technical, the ability-EI and trait-EI models enjoy support in the literature and have successful applications in various domains. Constrainer and Enablers Some of the constraints that may affect the process improvement and change efforts are Cultural and Behavioral Factors, Organizational Structure, and Technology.    These factors influence incremental and fundamental improvement efforts.    The initiatives weaken because of a companys failure to consider these constraints, which in turn, limits success of the plan. The organizations, which are more inept to change, thrive on change.    Smaller organizations may have the same constraints if the environment is designed Studies on Emotional Quotient Golemans model outlines four main EI constructs: Self-awareness the ability to read ones emotions and recognize their impact while using gut feelings to guide decisions. Self-management involves controlling ones emotions and impulses and adapting to changing circumstances. Social awareness the ability to sense, understand, and react to others emotions while comprehending social networks Relationship management the ability to inspire, influence, and develop others while managing conflict 2.3 Applicability to Support Organization Direction Efficiency Efficiency in general describes the extent to which time or effort is well used for the intended task or purpose. It is often used with the specific gloss of relaying the capability of a specific application of effort to produce a specific outcome effectively with a minimum amount or quantity of waste, expense, or unnecessary effort. Efficiency has widely varying meanings in different disciplines. Reliability In general, reliability (systemic def.) is the ability of a person or system to perform and maintain its functions in routine circumstances, as well as hostile or unexpected circumstances. Innovation Innovation can therefore be seen as the process that renews something that exists and not, as is commonly assumed, the introduction of something new. Furthermore this makes clear innovation is not an economic term by origin, but dates back to the middle Ages at least and possibly even earlier. Adaption Adaptation is the evolutionary process whereby a population becomes better suited to its habitat. This process takes place over many generations, and is one of the basic phenomena of biology. The term adaptation may also refer to a feature which is especially important for an organisms survival. Human Resource Human resource is a term used to describe the individuals who make up the workforce of an organization, although it is also applied in labor economics to, for example, business sectors or even whole nations. Human resources is also the name of the function within an organization charged with the overall responsibility for implementing strategies and policies relating to the management of individuals. This function title is often abbreviated to the initials HR. Organizations and Subunits An organization is a social arrangement which pursues collective goals, controls its own performance, and has a boundary separating it from its environment. There are a variety of legal types of organizations, including: corporations, governments, non-governmental organizations, international organizations, armed forces, charities, not-for-profit corporations, partnerships, cooperatives, and universities. A subunit is a subdivision of an official unit. Unit codes of subunits end in a non-zero number between -001 and -999. While official units represent official academic or administrative university entities, subunits are established to allow for more granular control over funds or workflow within the official unit. Subunits are typically associated with individuals, programs, or projects. Business start up versus Established Despite their similarities, start-up companies and established small businesses can be dramatically different when it comes to funding. Established small businesses usually have modest profits and rarely become huge money makers. Start-ups, on the other hand, often have lofty ambitions and the possibility of becoming huge businesses in the future. Turnaround Leadership 1. Leadership during a turnaround is very different from business as usual leadership, find out how if differs 2. If you are not comfortable with this best practices leadership style, then you must find someone who is 3. This leadership style works but can lead to confusion and resentment, find out why Chapter-3 Assess Leadership Requirement 3.1 Assess Leadership Requirements The first and most basic prerequisite for leadership is the desire to lead. After all, becoming an effective leader takes hard work. If were not prepared to work hard at developing your leadership skills or if, deep down, were really not sure whether you want to lead or not, we will struggle to become an effective leader. Virtual Organization A virtual organization is not business as usual. It requires a new management approach and an incredible awareness of the issues and challenges that could cause its demise. In a recent focus group represented by twenty members of a single virtual organization, but located at numerous site locations, the following challenges were recorded: 1. Communication 2. Leadership/management 3. Knowledge transfer 4. Processes 5. Infrastructure Diversity The concept of diversity encompasses acceptance and respect. It means understanding that each individual is unique, and recognizing our individual differences.   These can be along the dimensions of race, ethnicity, gender, sexual orientation, socio-economic status, age, physical abilities, religious beliefs, political beliefs, or other ideologies.   Globalization Globalization describes the process by which regional economies, societies, and cultures have become integrated through a global network of political ideas through communication, transportation, and trade. The term is most closely associated with the term economic globalization: the integration of national economies into the international economy through trade, foreign direct investment, capital flows, migration, the spread of technology, and military presence. Economic Climate General economic environment comprising of the attitude of the government and lending institutions toward businesses and business activity, attitude of labor unions toward employers, current taxation regimen, inflation rate, and such. E-Leadership E-leadership is no different from any other form of effective leadership except that in e-leadership you have no option but to be very good at it. It requires a high level of transformational leadership because of the highly participative nature of the e-world between E-organizations and e-customers and the interconnectedness between leader and follower with the ever-increasing reality of the blurred lines between the two. Mergers and Takeovers In  a general sense,  mergers and  takeovers are very similar corporate actions they combine two previously separate firms into a single legal entity. Significant operational advantages can be obtained when two firms are combined and, in fact,  the goal of most  mergers and acquisitions is to improve company performance and shareholder value  over the long-term. Restructuring Restructuring is the corporate management term for the act of reorganizing the legal, ownership, operational, or other structures of a company for the purpose of making it more profitable, or better organized for its present needs. Alternate reasons for restructuring include a change of ownership or ownership structure, demerger, or a response to a crisis or major change in the business such as bankruptcy, repositioning, or buyout. Restructuring may also be described as corporate restructuring, debt restructuring and financial restructuring. Integrity Leadership There is a connection between trust and integrity, but trust is a broader concept. People need to be competent to earn our trust, not just honest. To be a credible candidate for any job, a person needs the skills and personal qualities to be effective in the role. Integrity is also broader than honesty. In addition to being honest, leaders with integrity must behave ethically. A criminal could be honest while breaking the law. Partnership and Alliances The Managing Partnerships and Strategic Alliances programmed focuses on deepening your understanding of the strategic foundation, the governance structure and the dynamics of the collaborative process. The programmed discusses the problems and stumbling blocks in selecting, negotiating and managing alliances. Throughout this intensive programmed, both practical and theory are carefully balanced so that you learn not only the frameworks, but also the key behaviors and cross-cultural competencies that lead to collaborative success. Regulatory Compliance In general, compliance means conforming to a rule, such as a specification, policy, standard or law. Regulatory compliance describes the goal that corporations or public agencies aspire to in their efforts to ensure that personnel are aware of and take steps to comply with relevant laws and regulations. Interim Leadership Recognizing that management teams may lack experience in turning around a business, we introduce experienced turnaround professionals who can step into executive or advisory roles in the business, such as chairmen, CEOs, CFOs, chief restructuring officers, operations, marketing, human resources, non-executive directors and advisers/mentors to boards. Chapter-4 Plans of Leadership Skills 4.1 Development of Leadership Skills The leadership skill set in the book comprehensively covers the subject of managing people, from A to Z. It includes how to effectively deal with stress and 22 problematic workplace conditions and behaviors such as bosses, bureaucracy, negative attitudes and personality clashes. Whether we manage one person or thousands, these clearly defined leadership skills are your script for achieving excellence. Different Methods of developing leaders Great content delivered well is not enough to help individuals change their behaviors. Assuming good content and capable personnel, the structure of a learning initiative and the methods used to convey knowledge will either ensure success or guarantee failure. Self help and developmental activities Training Courses People need a reason to change. Establish new programs that reward the individuals that are ready to step up. When employees see the advantage of leadership they are going to change their behavior. These do not have to only have to be financial incentives. There are a variety of ways to reward employees. People love to be recognized. It is a good idea to show gratitude through having an employee of the month or posting success stories in the company news letter. Job Rotation Job rotation is an approach to management development where an individual is moved through a schedule of assignments designed to give him or her breadth of exposure to the entire operation. Job rotation is also practiced to allow qualified employees to gain more insights into the processes of a company, and to reduce boredom and increase job satisfaction through job variation. Seminars Sometimes the traditional approach has its place delivering learning to large or small groups. Some company uses this method as part of a wider blended learning initiative. By itself a group seminar is, in our view, an ineffective method of conveying learning. Executive Coaching High impact and participant focused; get one to one coaching right and you can transform individual performance great goals, great techniques, and great results. Mentoring Mentoring is to support and encourage people to manage their own learning in order that they may maximize their potential, develop their skills, improve their performance and become the person they want to be. Action Learning Physical activity can be a powerful medium for promoting learning. A team exercise, indoors or outdoors, can bring insights that hours of discussion would fail to reveal. The secret is in debrief and in designing activities to fit with the messages and objectives of an overall initiative. Self Directed Learning Self directed learning is a way of creating a situation where learning is owned by the individual and aligned with organizational needs. Individuals take responsibility for decisions about their learning and work with others to achieve it. Figure: The PRO Model of self-directed learning Reading Articles Reading is a means of language acquisition, of communication, and of sharing information and ideas. Like all language, it is a complex interaction between the text and the reader which is shaped by the readers prior knowledge, experiences, attitude, and language community which is culturally and socially situated. The reading process requires continuous practices, development, and refinement. Changing Methodology in Leadership This model around change leadership came to be when a man named Aaron Antonowsky was doing a health study. He study women and menopause in Israel and part of his study group were women who had been confined to concentration camps during the Second World War. Learning from Mistakes Simple: Mistakes that are avoidable but your sequence of decisions made inevitable. Having the power go out in the middle of your party because you forgot to pay the rent, or running out of beer at said party because you didnt anticipate the number of guests. Involved: Mistakes are that are understood but require effort to prevent. Regularly is arriving late to work/friends, eating fast food for lunch every day, or going bankrupt at your start-up company because of your complete ignorance of basic accounting. Complex: Mistakes that have complicated causes and no obvious way to avoid next time. Examples include making tough decisions that have bad results, relationships that fail, or other unpleasant or unsatisfying outcomes to important things. Developing Leadership versus Recruiting as Needed The concept of leadership competency development is discussed with an emphasis on the historical approaches versus contemporary requirements. Issues surrounding the notion of inherent leadership talent as compared with developing leadership capabilities are contrasted with the need for some systematic framework from which to address the leadership question. Council for Excelling in Leadership The Leadership Council is a group of business people who set aside a portion of their time to provide training and exchange ideas with both leaders and emerging leaders.   The faculty is distinct, as they are business leaders themselves.   They remain active in their respective industries and pursuits.   As such, they deliver real-world, essential leadership skills to excelling individuals and organizations. Management Diagnostic Tools A commercially available tool widely used internationally which covers an extensive range of management competences. Strengths: A genuine self-diagnostic and management and leadership tool, giving clear recommendations for future development. Significant experience from elsewhere can be drawn on. Weaknesses: Although various versions are available, the main MAP product can take up to 2 days to complete fully, involving in-depth discussions and reviews with trained facilitators. Costs are variable, depending on the numbers purchased and additional financial inducements some support agencies have provided. Leadership Competencies There are five leadership competencies: 1. Creates a compelling future 2. Inspires others to achieve 3. Learns and shares knowledge 4. Demonstrates a passion for customers 5. Delivers great performance Emotional Intelligence Emotional intelligence (EI) refers to the ability to perceive, control, and evaluate emotions. Some researchers suggest that emotional intelligence can be learned and strengthened, while other claim it is an inborn characteristic. Social Intelligence

Essay Comparing the Concept of God in Beowulf and Other Anglo-Saxon Poems :: comparison compare contrast essays

The Concept of God in Beowulf and Other Anglo-Saxon Poems      Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Is the concept of God mentioned only in Beowulf or is it a common element in all Anglo-Saxon poetry? Is the concept of God described the same way as in Beowulf?    Beowulf presents a mixture of Christian and pagan elements Hrothgar is demonstrably a monotheist, bu this people were offering sacrifice to pagan gods when Grendel caused them to despair. Let’s try to clarify the concept of God in this poem. In the early lines of this classic we see what is meant by GOD and by GOODNESS, as embodied or exemplified by the king, in this case by King Scyld Scefing:    he grew under heaven,  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   prospered in honors until every last one  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   of the bordering nations beyond the whale-road  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   had to heed him, pay him tribute.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   He was a good king! A son was born him,  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   a glorious heir, young in the courtyards,  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   whom God had sent to comfort his people,  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   -well had He seen the sinful distress  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   they suffered earlier, leaderless for long.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Therefore the Life-lord, the Ruler of glory,  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   granted earthly honor: Beow was famed (8ff)    So goodness in a king is the possession of such strength that other nations fear you. And God is the all-powerful One who grants this earthly honor that Scyld, Beow, Healfdene and Hrothgar shared in. So God the Author of strength is their concept of God as the poem opens. This idea continues:    Then Hrothgar was given  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   victory in battle (64).    Who was the giver? God, of course. From Heorot Hrothgar would:      Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   he would share out among young and old  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   all God had given him, except common land  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   and the lives of men (71ff)    Heorot gave joy to the people with its scop narrating â€Å"how the Almighty had made the earth,† the â€Å"life He created, in each of the species,† â€Å"until a certain one began to do evil, an enemy from Hell,† a descendant of Cain. So God’s antithesis is in Grendel and his mother and their â€Å"home in the darkness.† Ater killing more than 60 Dane warriors, Grendel â€Å"grieved not at all for his wicked deeds – was too deep in sin;† many awful sins against mankind, the solitary fiend often committed;† â€Å"he knew not His love.